- 1945-1970 : Large-scale enterprises all over the world were essential to economic growth and development activities.
- 1970 : SMEs in the face of large enterprises with high sides that the understanding of large-scale enterprises started to lose importance.
- 1970 Post-Crisis : After the start of a decrease in the importance of economies of scale in many countries, SMEs in the economic use of resources, employment and income distribution started to create the basis for their contribution to macro-economic policies.
- Post 1980 : SMEs in the world change and globalization; compatible, flexible, dynamic, creative, innovative, simple, durable structures to the crisis was an important element in the world with the world's economies.
- Nowadays : In today's world, all countries in the center of economic policy, development and protection of SMEs are suitable for the purpose of preparing the media.
Turkey: Economic importance of SMEs in terms of with through
Turkey, one of the high potential of the most important economies
* Strategic location
* Positive economic performance
* Stable political performance
* Modern and open economy
* Structural reforms
* Growth potential
*** And Turkey world's 17th economy.
Among the strongest economies in the world working for SMEs to take part in Turkey's major power.
* Investment in the country's economy, production, employment, exports and their contribution in terms of taxes paid.
* Geographically, all regions of the country have a great role in regional development because they are scattered.
*** Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) is the leaders of Turkey economy.
Impact of SMEs in the Turkey economy
Among all the entrepreneurs in the economy of Turkey approximately 99% of the share of enterprises is considered to be SME.
Result: SMEs constitute the majority of our country's economy.
The Share of SMEs
* Employment: 77 %
* Value added: 38 %
* Total Investments: 27 %
* Total exports: 10 %
Nowadays: SMEs operating advantages and economic benefits
- SME adapting to change faster than large businesses.
- SME less investment, more production, product diversification and create employment.
- SME affected less by fluctuations.
- SME adaptations to changes in demand and easier to diversity.
- SME adaptations to a more rapid technological changes.
- SME provide a continuation of a balanced development between regions in a structure.
- SME supporters the large industrial enterprises.
Nowadays: SMEs are experiencing problems
General Problems
- In the global competitive environment, the problem of increase the competitiveness.
- Difficulties the follow-up in domestic and international technical and commercial developments.
- SME cannot produce reasonable price, quality of goods and services in the foreign markets.
- Low-tech problem.
- Shortage of qualified staff and low staff productivity.
- Utilizing a low degree of state incentives.
Financial Problems
- SME cannot use bank credit adequately.
- Unknown and lack of alternative funding sources.
The share of Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) loans in the Gross National Product (GNP)
* 2007: 9.1 %
* 2008: 8.9 %
* 2009: 8.7 %
* 2010: 11.1 %
Overview of the Banking Sector to SME
The banks development plan '' SME banking '' is an important process.
- In the Turkey, total of 6 million holding and only 3 million of the SME use banking sector service.
- By banks in different segments (micro, small, medium) are implemented for the different models of financing and loan.
- Priority financing needs of SMEs, as well as information and consulting services they need most banking services.
- SME loans are most affected by the economic crisis in 2009, with 50.1% in 2010, has become the fastest growing type of credit.
The share of SME credits in total sector loans
* 2008: 24 %
* 2009: 22 %
* 2010: 25 %
Overview of SME Financing
- The strategic importance of SME, although it is accepted,provision of credit facility is not yet a widespread habit.
- Companies are very new.
- Unfavorable developments in the past periods.
- Consumption in the domestic market is still unbalanced.
- The relationship between interest rates reflect the risk.
- Risk assessment tools have not yet reached the level expected.
- Balance sheets reflect the truth.
Capital Market Opportunities
Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) , Emerging Market Businesses
- Growth potential and low cost funding to meet the needs of businesses who want to break with the aim of meeting the demand for a market was established in 2009. The size of 11 initial public offering initial public offering in 2010 was held at the level of TL 140 million.
- At the beginning of 2011, Capital Markets Board (CMB), Small and Medium Enterprises Development and Support Administration (KOSGEB), Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) and Association of Capital Market Intermediary Institutions of Turkey (TSPAKB) within the scope of the cooperation protocol signed between the costs will be determined on the financing of SMEs in order to ensure public offering by KOSGEB: '' emerging market businesses, SME support program '' is encouraging for companies.
SME Benefit of the Possibility of Capital Market
For SMEs, organized, transparent, regular employees, the ability to obtain capital through a reliable market.
- Providing a large source of skilled and cheap financing.
- Possibility of increasing the liquidity of the company and so accelerate growth.
- Initial Public Offering(IPO) will increase in prestige.
- Media and press will talk about your company so this is opportunity to advertise your company.
- The company begins to institutionalization.
- Detailed and impartial information sharing.
The Possibility of Benefit to the Bank and the SME Capital Market Relationships
Public offering benefits to SMEs with increase the capacity of SMEs to profit from the banking sector, credit facilities will be provided.
- The company's initial public offering(IPO) firms borrow capital as a result of increase in the rate of increase in capacity.
- Companies are very new.
- Unfavorable developments in the past periods.
- Consumption in the domestic market is still unbalanced.
- The relationship between interest rates reflect the risk.
- Risk assessment tools have not yet reached the level expected.
- Balance sheets reflect the truth.
Capital Market Opportunities
Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) , Emerging Market Businesses
- Growth potential and low cost funding to meet the needs of businesses who want to break with the aim of meeting the demand for a market was established in 2009. The size of 11 initial public offering initial public offering in 2010 was held at the level of TL 140 million.
- At the beginning of 2011, Capital Markets Board (CMB), Small and Medium Enterprises Development and Support Administration (KOSGEB), Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) and Association of Capital Market Intermediary Institutions of Turkey (TSPAKB) within the scope of the cooperation protocol signed between the costs will be determined on the financing of SMEs in order to ensure public offering by KOSGEB: '' emerging market businesses, SME support program '' is encouraging for companies.
SME Benefit of the Possibility of Capital Market
For SMEs, organized, transparent, regular employees, the ability to obtain capital through a reliable market.
- Providing a large source of skilled and cheap financing.
- Possibility of increasing the liquidity of the company and so accelerate growth.
- Initial Public Offering(IPO) will increase in prestige.
- Media and press will talk about your company so this is opportunity to advertise your company.
- The company begins to institutionalization.
- Detailed and impartial information sharing.
The Possibility of Benefit to the Bank and the SME Capital Market Relationships
Public offering benefits to SMEs with increase the capacity of SMEs to profit from the banking sector, credit facilities will be provided.
- The company's initial public offering(IPO) firms borrow capital as a result of increase in the rate of increase in capacity.
- A higher level of awareness within the company, the public profile, financial and other information as the announce of regular and it is subject to audit and the banking sector can provide easy and quick financing.
Conclusion
* Whatever the level of economic development, SMEs in all countries such as science, economic and social order in terms of job creation the most important part of power.
* The main cause of economic growth, innovation and small businesses entering the market to grow fastly.
* Therefore increasing the opportunities offered to SMEs, priority of the national economy; the use of these facilities with the capacity of SMEs and to increase the power of the future of the country's economy.
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